Who Was John Torrington?
John Torrington (1825-1846) was a Petty Officer in the Royal Navy who was assigned to the catastrophic Franklin Expedition as stoker in 1845. John Torrington died 7 months into the expedition and was buried on Beechey Island, Canada. His barely decomposed body shocked scientists who exhumed his body in 1984. Torrington was in perfectly preserved and his eyes were open, looking straight at crew.
Franklin Expedition
In 1845, two Royal Navy ships, HMS Erebus and HMS Terror, sailed from Greenhithe, England under Sir John Franklin’s command. The ships were the best in all of British Navy, provisioned with 3 years worth of food and modern equipment.
The goal of the expedition was to explore the unknown sections of the Northwest Passage connecting the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Northern Canadian Archipelago.

The expedition commenced with many problems, even some early fatalities. In 1847, two ships ran aground on ice near King William Island in the Canadian Arctic. After a year of being stuck among the ice sheets and icebergs, the crew decided to abandon the ships in an attempt to find settlements or a ship passing by. Captain Sir John Franklin died with more than 20 of his men. Therefore, the rest of the crew set sail in hope of reaching mainland Canada. No one ever heard from them again.

Finding John Torrington’s Grave
Demanded by Sir Franklin’s wife, Royal Navy sent search parties to find out what happened to the expedition crew. In 1850, a search party discovered a stone hut, rusty food cans and three graves on Beechey Island. The graves contained the remains of John Torrington and two of his crewmen, William Braine and John Hartnell. In 1974, the Canadian authorities rediscovered the graves which started a period of scientific studies on Beechy Island.

Torrington’s Original Tombstone
“Sacred To The Memory Of John Torrington Who Departed This Life January 1st A.D. 1846 On Board Of HM Ship Terror Aged 20 Year”

What Happened To John Torrington?
In 1984, with the consent of Torrington’s descendants in England, a crew led by the archeologist Owen Beattie commenced their work on Torrington’s grave. They dug 1.5 meters deep into the frozen ground to reach the coffin. Upon opening the coffin, they were struck by how well the body was preserved.

Further scientific studies suggested that John Torrington had been very sick and weighed only 38.5 kilograms at the time of his death. His cause of death was determimed as pneumonia.
Moreover, toxicology tests showed high levels of lead in Torrington’s hair and fingernails. Scientists concluded that canned food was the prime source of lead and a major factor in the decline of Torrington’s and crew’s health. Upon examining the cans used by Franklin’s expedition crew, scientists figured out that the lids of the cans were poorly soldered with lead which possibly put the food into direct contact with lead.
Cannibalism and Starvation
Human bones were subsequently found on King James island. They also contained high levels of lead. They are thought to be the bones of Torrington’s fellow crewmen. Through the analysis of the bones, Owen Beattie’s crew disclosed a gruesome fact about Franklin’s Expedition. There were marks and signs on the bones suggesting that the surviving members of Franklin’s crew ate their deceased companions.
The cold weather, starvation and diseases, worsened by the exposure to high levels of lead, killed everybody in the Franklin Expedition crew.
The Victory Point Note
In 1857, during the McClintock Artctic Exhibition, William Hobson found two pieces of paper with notes written by Franklin’s Exhibition party on King William Island. The finding of these papers illuminate the appalling cirsumstances of the Franklin party.

First message May 28th, 1847: H.M.S ships Erebu and Terror wintered in the Ice in lat. 70 05′ N., long. 98 23′ W. Having wintered in 1846-7 at Beechey Island, in lat. 74 43′ 28″ N., long. 91 39′ 15″ W., after having ascended Wellington Channel to lat. 77°, and returned by the west side of Cornwallis Island. Sir John Franklin commanding the expedition. All well.
Second message April 25, 1848: H.M. ships Terror and Erebus were deserted on the 22nd April, 5 leagues N.N.W. of this, having been beset since 12th September, 1846. The officers and crews, consisting of 105 souls, under the command of Captain F.R.M. Crozier, landed here in lat. 69˚ 37′ 42″ N., long. 98˚ 41′ W. Sir John Franklin died on the 11th June, 1847; and the total loss by deaths in the expedition has been to this date 9 officers and 15 men.
Torrington Became A Celebrity After He Was Exhumed
John Torrington became a celebrity of sorts after his exhumation. His remarkable state of preservation inspired many artists. Iron Maiden wrote a song named “Stranger In A Strange Land”, inspired by Torrington’s discovery. People’s Magazine named him “one of the most intriguing personalities” in 1984. In addition to these, many poems, short stories and books were written about Torrington.
Fascinating article. That Time Magazine cover threw me off, though. I saw the banner at the bottom that read “Are you a Lebowski Achiever?” and the article mentioned Torrington’s national coverage in 1984. Sent me on a wild goose chase to see if there was such a real thing as a “Lebowski Achiever” prior to The Big Lebowski film in the late 90s. I think the photo is doctored. I don’t think Time Magazine put Torrington on the cover. Anyone else find differently?
Thank you. I am happy that you liked the article. The Time Magazine cover was doctored and meant to be funny. Your comment made me realize that it could be a bit offensive so I removed the photo. Apologies for misleading you. Cheers 🙂
Aw, man, you didn’t have to remove it. I was just looking for clarification. Thanks for responding. Looking forward to more articles.
No, that’s alright. Since a lady from Australia whose great grandpa also died in the Franklin’s Expedition, messaged me to thank for this article, I tought it would be a bit inappropriate to photoshop John Torrington’s body like that. Out of respect for the dead I mean. You can check out the History Feed section where I publish articles like this 🙂 Stay safe!